<\/p>\n
\u101c\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1019\u102c\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1000 \u101c\u1030\u1011\u102f\u101f\u102c \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1021\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1000 \u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/code><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/p>\n
\u1041\u104b \u1021\u1000\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1019\u102d\u1019\u102d\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c \u101c\u102f\u1036\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 (food self-sufficiency) \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u102c\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1000 \u101c\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1019\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1019\u102d\u1019\u102d\u1005\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1024\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1000\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u101b\u102d\u1010\u103a \u1021\u101a\u1030\u1021\u1006\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u1010\u1030\u104b \u1005\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u101c\u102f\u1036\u1001\u103c\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u102f (food security) \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u101b\u102d\u1010\u103a \u1021\u101a\u1030\u1021\u1006\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u1000\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u201c\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1004\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 (imports) \u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b\u201d \u101f\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u104f\u104b<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u1042\u104b \u101c\u1030\u1011\u102f (\u101c\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1019\u102c\u1038) \u104c\u104a \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1005\u102c\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1015\u103a\u101c\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1019\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 (patterns) \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1019\u101a\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1018\u1032 \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1019\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1036\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1005\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1000\u102c \u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101e\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104f \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1036\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1021\u1011\u102d \u1019\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u1043\u104b \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u104a \u1005\u102c\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1019\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1005\u102c\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1000\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1000\u102c \u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103d\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1005\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1021\u1015\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u1044\u104b \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1000\u102c \u1000\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101c\u1000\u103a\u1011\u1032\u104c\u101e\u102c\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1031\u102c \u201c\u1002\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1018\u101a\u103a\u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101e\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 global supply chain\u201d\u1011\u1032\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1019\u1001\u1036\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u104b \u1000\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101f\u1030\u101e\u1019\u103b\u103e\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103c\u1010\u103a\u101b\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u101e\u102c \u101b\u103e\u102d\u104d \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u1045\u104b \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1015\u103a\u101c\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u104d \u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104c\u104a \u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1012\u1031\u101e\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101e\u102c \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038 (localization) \u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101b\u102c\u101e\u102e\u1025\u1010\u102f\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104d \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1012\u1031\u101e\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036 \u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1002\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1018\u101a\u103a \u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101e\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036 (global supply chain) \u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a \u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1011\u1000\u103a \u1000\u102c\u1017\u103d\u1014\u103a\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f \u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1037\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u1046\u104b \u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101e\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a\u101c\u1005\u102e\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1012\u102e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1000\u101b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u1005\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1030\u101c\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1019\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f \u1021\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1000\u1030\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u1047\u104b \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u104f \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1000\u103b\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u102c\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u100a\u102e\u100a\u103d\u1010\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u104a \u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1021\u101e\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104d \u1013\u101c\u1031\u1037\u1011\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1005\u1036\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1005\u102c\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1000\u102c\u1021\u1019\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f (internationally standardized or junk food) \u101b\u103e\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u1048\u104b \u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u1031\u102c\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038 \u1019\u103b\u103e\u1010\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101c\u101a\u103a\u101a\u102c\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u103b\u1031\u1038\u101c\u1000\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1005\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1015\u103c \u1021\u102e\u101c\u102d\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a \u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u103e\u1014\u103a\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1010\u1031\u102c\u104c \u101c\u1030\u1019\u101b\u103e\u102d\u104a \u1019\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1000\u103b\u1030\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101b\u1015\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104c \u1000\u103b\u1031\u1038\u101c\u1000\u103a\u1000 \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1015\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1000\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101b\u101c\u1012\u103a\u1019\u101b\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u1049\u104b \u1019\u103c\u1031\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u101a\u102c\u101e\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101b\u1015\u103a\u104d \u1019\u103c\u1031\u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1000\u102c \u1000\u102f\u1019\u1039\u1015\u100f\u102e\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101c\u1000\u103a\u104c \u101c\u101a\u103a\u101a\u102c\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1005\u1031\u101b\u104b \u1019\u103c\u1031\u101a\u102c\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u1032\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u103c\u1031\u101a\u102c\u1001\u103d\u1032\u101d\u1031\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u103b\u103e\u1010\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1018\u102f\u1036\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1011\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u104f\u104b<\/p>\n
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\u1041\u1040\u104b \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1016\u103c\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1030\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1005\u102c\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1019\u103b\u103e\u1010\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u103b\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102e\u1021\u1005\u1009\u103a (fair pricing schemes) \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101c\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1008\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u104c \u101c\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1019\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u102c\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f \u1021\u1001\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1021\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101c\u1030\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1016\u1030\u101c\u102f\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1021\u1000\u103b\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u102c\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c\u104a \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1000\u102c\u1000\u102f\u1019\u1039\u1015\u100f\u102e\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u104a \u201c\u1021\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1015\u1036\u1037\u101b \u1021\u101e\u102e\u1038\u1021\u1014\u103e\u1036\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1008\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101d\u101a\u103a\u104d \u101c\u102c\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038 (dumping) \u1004\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u101a\u103a \u1021\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101e\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u201d \u101f\u102f \u1006\u102d\u102f\u101c\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101c\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1019\u102c\u1038\u1004\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1000\u103c\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1010\u1004\u103a \u101c\u101a\u103a\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u201c\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u104f \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a\u104a \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036 \u101e\u102e\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1036\u1021\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1016\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a\u104a \u101e\u102e\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1036\u1008\u1031\u1038\u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1014\u103a\u201d \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u1041\u1041\u104b \u1013\u102c\u1010\u102f\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000\u1032\u104a \u1002\u103b\u102e\u1021\u1019\u103a\u1021\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101c\u101a\u103a\u101a\u102c \u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u102c\u1038\u1019\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u104b \u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u1031\u1037\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u101b\u102d\u1010\u103a \u1019\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u101c\u101a\u103a\u101a\u102c (\u101d\u102b) \u101a\u1001\u102f \u101e\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u103b \u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a \u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1019\u103c\u1031\u1006\u102e\u101c\u103d\u103e\u102c\u1021\u102c\u1038 \u1010\u102c\u101b\u103e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u1001\u1036\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u1015\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1005\u1031\u104d \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u1041\u1042\u104b \u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f \u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104c\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u101b\u103e\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u102c\u1000\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u1006\u1000\u103a\u1001\u1036\u101c\u102c\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101c\u1030\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1018\u102c\u101d (biosphere) \u100a\u102e\u100a\u103d\u1010\u103a\u1019\u103b\u103e\u1010\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1021\u101c\u1031\u1037\u1021\u1011\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101f\u1030\u104d\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u102d\u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1001\u1031\u1010\u103a\u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103b\u1015\u103c\u102e\u101f\u102f \u1019\u1015\u1005\u103a\u1015\u101a\u103a\u1018\u1032 \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038 \u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1015\u100a\u102c \u1005\u1010\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1019\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1015\u103d\u102d\u102f\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101f\u102f \u101a\u1030\u1006\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u1041\u1043\u104b \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1015\u103a\u101c\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u104d \u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a (Food Sovereignty) \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a \u1016\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101e\u1014\u103a\u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1031\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038 (agrotechnology by recycling) \u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u102c \u101b\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1015\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1005\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1019\u101b\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u104b \u1019\u103c\u1031\u1006\u102e\u101c\u103d\u103e\u102c\u104f \u1021\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1002\u1032\u1014\u1005\u103a \u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1019\u103c\u1031\u1006\u102e\u101c\u103d\u103e\u102c\u104f \u1007\u102e\u101d\u1013\u102c\u1010\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u103c\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1021\u1015\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u103d\u1032\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101c\u101a\u103a\u101a\u102c\u1002\u1031\u101f\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d \u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1017\u102e\u1007 \u1021\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1019\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u1019\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u101e\u102e\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1036\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u103b\u103d\u1032\u1014\u103d\u102c\u1038 \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u102c \u101c\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1019\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1015\u103a\u101c\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u104d \u1019\u102d\u1019\u102d\u1000 \u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1021\u1014\u1031\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1019\u101a\u103a\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u104d\u1019\u101b\u104b \u101c\u101a\u103a\u101a\u102c\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1021\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1021\u101c\u103e\u1014\u103a \u1021\u1010\u102f\u1036\u1037\u1021\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u103b\u1000\u103a \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1014\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a \u104f\u104b<\/p>\n
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\n<\/p>\n
\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1017\u1005\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1002\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1018\u101a\u103a \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101e\u1004\u103a\u1001\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101b\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102e\u101f\u102f \u1006\u102d\u102f\u101e\u1030\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1000 \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1006\u102d\u102f\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102d\u104d \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1002\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1018\u101a\u103a \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a (global food supply chain) \u101e\u100a\u103a \u1000\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u1006\u102e\u101c\u103b\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101f\u102f \u1019\u1000\u103c\u102c\u1001\u100f \u1000\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1016\u1030\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u102e\u101c\u102d\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1015\u102b\u101b\u102c\u1012\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1011\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u104c \u1000\u103b\u1010\u1010\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b
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\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1002\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1018\u101a\u103a\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1011\u1032\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u101f\u102f \u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u104d FAO \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a ADB \u1015\u1030\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102c \u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1016\u103d\u1036\u1037\u1016\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1017\u103b\u1030\u101f\u102c (Agriculture Development Strategy \u2013 ADS) \u101f\u1030\u104d \u1042\u1040\u1041\u1041 \u1001\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1005\u103a \u1014\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104c \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1000\u103c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101c\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1019\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 (agro-enterprises) \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038 \u1019\u103c\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102c \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1000\u102c \u1008\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103d\u1000\u103a\u101d\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u101f\u1030\u104f\u104b \u201c\u1000\u1019\u1039\u1018\u102c\u1037\u1018\u100f\u103a\u1021\u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a \u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1037\u1015\u102f\u1002\u1039\u1002\u101c\u102d\u1000 \u1015\u1030\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 (Public Private Partnership) \u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u2014 \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u102f\u1002\u1039\u1002\u101c\u102d\u1000\u1000\u100f\u1039\u100d\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u104a \u101c\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1019\u102c\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f \u1021\u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1011\u102e\u1011\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1016\u1014\u103a\u1010\u102e\u1038\u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104b \u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1000\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1021\u102c\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1030\u100a\u102e\u101e\u1030 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u104f\u104b\u201d
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\u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\u1037\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1000\u103a\u1011\u102d\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101c\u102c\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1000\u102f\u1019\u1039\u1015\u100f\u102e\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u101f\u102f ADS \u1000 \u101a\u1030\u1006\u101b\u102c \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1000\u102c \u1000\u102f\u1019\u1039\u1015\u100f\u102e\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 ADS \u1000 \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102b\u1021\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1000\u103c\u1031\u100a\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/code><\/p><\/p><\/p><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/p>\n
The ADS will protect intellectual property rights for the agricultural and food sector. Key measures include the Plant Variety Protection Law consistent with the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV); the Trademark Law and implementing regulations to enable protection got geographical indicators (GI) and trademarks for agricultural\/food products; and IPR protection against counterfeit agricultural inputs, especially for pesticides, including stronger border control measures to reduce the import of counterfeit products.<\/p>\n
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(\u1021\u1000\u103c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a)<\/p>\n
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\u201cADS \u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u101a\u103a\u101a\u102c\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1000\u100f\u1039\u100d \u1021\u101e\u102d\u1009\u102c\u100f\u103a \u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u1030\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1021\u1000\u102c\u1021\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a \u1015\u1031\u1038\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1015\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1000\u102c\u1000\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 (Plant Variety Protection Law)\u104b \u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c \u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1019\u100a\u103a \u1019\u103e\u1010\u103a\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1010\u1004\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u104a \u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u102c\u1038\u1005\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038 \u1021\u1010\u102f\u1019\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1021\u101e\u102d\u1009\u102c\u100f\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u1030\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b\u201d<\/p>
\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1030\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101e\u1030\u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038 \u1019\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u104b \u101e\u1030\u1000\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038 \u1019\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101f\u1030\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u102c\u101a\u103a \u101b\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u102d\u1014\u1039\u1012\u102d\u101a\u104c \u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1000 \u101e\u1030\u1037\u1004\u103d\u1031\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101d\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u104d\u104a \u1010\u1001\u103c\u102c\u1038\u1000 \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038 \u101d\u101a\u103a\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u104d \u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u1032\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1010\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1014\u1031\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u1031\u1037\u1000\u102f\u1019\u1039\u1015\u100f\u102e\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038 \u1000\u102f\u1019\u1039\u1015\u100f\u102e\u1000 \u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u103d\u1032\u1000\u103c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1000\u102c \u1000\u102f\u1019\u1039\u1015\u100f\u102e\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101d\u1004\u103a\u101c\u102c\u101b\u1014\u103a\u101f\u1030\u104d \u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f \u101c\u103d\u1010\u103a\u101c\u1015\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1018\u1031\u1038\u1016\u101a\u103a\u1019\u101c\u102c\u1038\u104b \u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u1031\u1037 \u1000\u102f\u1019\u1039\u1015\u100f\u102e\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038 \u1000\u102f\u1019\u1039\u1015\u100f\u102e\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 (\u1010\u1000\u101a\u103a\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1037 \u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1005\u1031\u1037 \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u1010\u103a\u1006\u1031\u1038 \u1000\u102f\u1019\u1039\u1015\u100f\u102e\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1000\u102f\u1019\u1039\u1015\u100f\u102e\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1001\u102f\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101c\u1031\u1037\u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u100a\u103a) \u101c\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a \u101e\u1030 \u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101e\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101f\u102f \u101a\u1030\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/span><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Value chains are organized systems of linkages aimed at increasing value and competitiveness. Smallholder farmers can benefit from value chain by engaging into productive partnerships with agro-enterprises. These partnerships usually require effective farmer organizations able to mobilize large numbers of farmers and protect their interest. Farmers and their leaders will need to build their capacity in organizing, planning, accounting, negotiating, and marketing. In order to gain competitiveness in agrifood value chain, farmers, private sector, and government have to form strategic alliances aimed at integrating the efforts towards the solution of bottlenecks at different stages in the value chain.<\/p>\n
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(\u1021\u1000\u103c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1016\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1018\u102c\u101e\u102c\u1015\u103c\u1014\u103a)<\/p>
\u201c\u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1004\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101c\u101a\u103a\u101a\u102c\u1005\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103d\u102c\u1038 \u1000\u102f\u1019\u1039\u1015\u100f\u102e\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104d \u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101b\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1000\u103c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101b\u102c\u104c \u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1004\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1030 \u1014\u1031\u101b\u102c\u101b\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u101e\u101c\u102c\u1038\u104b \u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1001\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104c \u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1010\u1000\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u101b\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1005\u102e\u1019\u1036\u1000\u102d\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1005\u102c\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u1010\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1005\u1031\u1037\u1005\u1015\u103a\u1006\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u101b\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103b\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1021\u101b\u100a\u103a\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101c\u102d\u102f\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u103e\u101e\u102c \u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1010\u1014\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103c\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1000\u103a (value chain) \u104c \u1015\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1005\u103d\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n
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\u1002\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1018\u101a\u103a\u1008\u1031\u1038\u1000\u103d\u1000\u103a\u101f\u1030\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1015\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1011\u1014\u103a\u101e\u100a\u1037\u103a \u1015\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1006\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u104c\u104a \u1004\u103d\u1031\u101c\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1004\u103d\u1031\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000 \u1005\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101e\u1019\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1000\u102c \u1005\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103d\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u102c \u1014\u1031\u101b\u102c\u101b\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1010\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u101e\u1030\u1004\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102c\u1038 \u1015\u102b\u1010\u1014\u102c \u1004\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1011\u1000\u103a \u1019\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102b\u104b ADS \u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1019\u102c\u1038\u1004\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104f \u1021\u1000\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038 \u1005\u102e\u1038\u1015\u103d\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u101f\u1030\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1005\u1000\u102c\u1038\u101c\u103e \u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n
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\u1021\u101b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1014\u103e\u102e\u1038\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101c\u103d\u103e\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103c\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1000\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u1000\u103a (commodity value chain) \u104c \u1010\u1000\u101a\u103a\u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u101c\u102c\u1019\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u101c\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1019\u102c\u1038 \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u102f\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101c\u101a\u103a\u1019\u1032\u1037\u101a\u102c\u1019\u1032\u1037 \u101c\u101a\u103a\u1000\u1030\u101c\u102e\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u102c \u101b\u103e\u102d\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101a\u1001\u102f \u1015\u1004\u103a\u101c\u101a\u103a\u101a\u102c\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1021\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101c\u101a\u103a\u1000\u1030\u101c\u102e\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1043\u1040-\u1045\u1040 \u101b\u102c\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038 \u101b\u103e\u102d \u1014\u1031\u1015\u102b\u1015\u103c\u102e\u104b \u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1015 \u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1000\u102f\u1019\u1039\u1015\u100f\u102e\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a \u1019\u103c\u1031\u101a\u102c\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 (plantations) \u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1014\u1031\u1000\u103c\u101b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b ADS \u1021\u101b\u1006\u102d\u102f\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1004\u103a \u101c\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1019\u102c\u1038\u1004\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 \u101b\u101b\u103e\u102d\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 (\u1025\u1015\u1019\u102c \u2013 \u1015\u1032\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038 \u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a \u1015\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038 \u1010\u1004\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038) \u1015\u1004\u103a\u101c\u103b\u103e\u1004\u103a \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u1010\u1000\u102c \u1000\u102f\u1019\u1039\u1015\u100f\u102e\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101b\u103e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1016\u103d\u101a\u103a \u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n
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\n<\/p>\n
\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u1047\u1040 \u101b\u102c\u1001\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u101c\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1019\u102c\u1038\u1004\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1015\u102d\u102f\u104d \u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101b\u103e\u102f\u1015\u1031\u1038\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1015\u102b\u1015\u1032\u104b \u1002\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1018\u101a\u103a \u1000\u102f\u1014\u103a\u101e\u103d\u101a\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101f\u1030\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u1018\u101a\u103a\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u104b<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1015\u103a\u104d \u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a (Food Sovereignty) \u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1001\u1032\u1037\u1010\u1032\u1037 \u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1031\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1005\u1031\u1037\u1005\u1031\u1037 \u1006\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1000\u103c\u100a\u1037\u103a\u1000\u103c\u1015\u102b \u1001\u1004\u103a\u1017\u103b\u102c\u104b \u101c\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1019\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1032\u1037 \u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038 (the peasant way) \u1010\u1032\u1037\u104b \u1000\u1019\u1039\u1018\u102c\u1000\u103c\u102e\u1038\u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1015\u1032\u101b\u101a\u103a\u101c\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u1006\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103c\u1015\u102b\u1010\u101a\u103a\u104b<\/p>\n
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\u1019\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1011\u1004\u103a<\/p>\n
<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u101c\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1019\u102c\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101c\u1019\u103a\u1038 \u1041\u104b \u1021\u1000\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1019\u102d\u1019\u102d\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c \u101c\u102f\u1036\u101c\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 (food self-sufficiency) \u1021\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a \u1021\u102c\u1038\u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1015\u1039\u1015\u102c\u101a\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1011\u102d\u102f\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1000 \u101c\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1019\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1019\u102d\u1019\u102d\u1005\u102c\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1019\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1024\u1021\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1000\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u101b\u102d\u1010\u103a \u1021\u101a\u1030\u1021\u1006\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1019\u1010\u1030\u104b \u1005\u102c\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u101e\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u101c\u102f\u1036\u1001\u103c\u102f\u1036\u1019\u103e\u102f (food security) \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1015\u103a\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1000\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u102d\u102f\u101b\u102d\u1010\u103a \u1021\u101a\u1030\u1021\u1006\u1019\u103e\u102c \u1021\u1000\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a \u201c\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c\u1010\u1004\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038 (imports) \u1021\u102c\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101b\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b\u201d \u101f\u102f \u1016\u103c\u1005\u103a\u104f\u104b \u1042\u104b \u101c\u1030\u1011\u102f (\u101c\u101a\u103a\u101e\u1019\u102c\u1038) \u104c\u104a \u1021\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102c \u1011\u102f\u1010\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038 \u1005\u102c\u1038\u101e\u102f\u1036\u1038\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1005\u1015\u103a\u101c\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u1019\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 (patterns) \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103d\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u103e\u102d\u101e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u1010\u1005\u103a\u1019\u101a\u103a\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u1019\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1000\u103a\u1018\u1032 \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1021\u1019\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102f\u1036\u101c\u1004\u103a\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1011\u100a\u1037\u103a\u101e\u103d\u1004\u103a\u1038 \u1005\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1016\u102d\u102f\u1037 \u101c\u102d\u102f\u1021\u1015\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":73794,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[104],"tags":[],"wppr_data":{"cwp_meta_box_check":"No"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/paungkumyanmar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73793"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/paungkumyanmar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/paungkumyanmar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paungkumyanmar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paungkumyanmar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=73793"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/paungkumyanmar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73793\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":73797,"href":"https:\/\/paungkumyanmar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73793\/revisions\/73797"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paungkumyanmar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/73794"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/paungkumyanmar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=73793"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paungkumyanmar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=73793"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/paungkumyanmar.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=73793"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}